Oracle數據庫離線增量備份與恢復
oracle數據庫離線增量備份與恢復
項目背景：
客戶數據庫版本為Oracle 11G 11.2.0.4版本；
客戶Oracle數據庫業務需要上云，數據量較大，RMAN備份后，備份集約有1T左右；
客戶希望盡可能減少業務停機時間；
客戶Oracle數據庫在內網，無法直通公網；
遷移方案：
因為客戶的Oracle數據庫無法直連公網，所以只能采用離線遷移方式；
為減少業務停機時間，本方案使用RMAN備份，分全量和增量兩個備份集，分別上傳到公有云；
全量備份時間較長，定在凌晨 01:00開始，備份完成后通過其它主機上傳到華為云；
客戶公網帶寬為500Mbps，傳輸速度約50MB左右，完成1TB的備份集數據傳輸，約需要6個小時；
全量備份執行、全量備份集上傳，均無法業務中斷，待全量備份集在云上恢復完成后，再在線下停業務、增量備份、上傳增量備份集、云上恢復增量備份集；
遷移方案拓撲簡圖如下所示：
遷移過程：
# 在客戶業務環境，執行Oracle數據庫全量備份；
# 備份腳本如下：
$ more full_orcl.sh
echo -e '******Start********_'$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
rman target /< run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 tag 'orcl_incr_L0' format '/rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/full_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile; sql "alter system archive log current"; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/arclog_0_%s_%p_%t_%d' delete input; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; release channel c1; } exit; EOF # 執行數據庫備份腳本： $ ./full_orcl.sh # 備份集通過客戶公網，直接上傳到華為云； # 通過在客戶主機上安裝華為云obsutils，直接將備份集上傳到華為云OBS桶； # 上傳過程略； 注：云上數據庫環境需要提前部署好； 僅需要安裝好Oracle數據庫軟件即可，無需建庫； 通過在源數據庫，查看rman備份，確認全量備份集中，哪個備份文件中包含參數文件、控制文件，下面會用到； $ rman target / RMAN> startup nomount; RMAN> restore spfile from '/rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/full_ORCL_20210311_15'; # 使用新恢復出來的參數文件，重啟數據庫 RMAN> shutdown immediate; RMAN> startup nomount; RMAN> restore controlfile from '/rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/full_ORCL_20210311_15'; RMAN> alter database mount; RMAN> restore database; # 注：需要注意，要把全量備份集的所有磁盤文件，都catalog到rman中： RMAN> catalog start with '/rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/'; RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 11-MAR-21 using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=297 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=298 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/arclog_0_16_1_1066925664_ORCL channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/full_bak/orcl/arclog_0_16_1_1066925664_ORCL tag=TAG20210311T161424 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_297_j4mobbwl_.arc thread=1 sequence=297 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_297_j4mobbwl_.arc RECID=8 STAMP=1066926666 archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_298_j4mobbxm_.arc thread=1 sequence=298 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_298_j4mobbxm_.arc RECID=7 STAMP=1066926666 unable to find archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=299 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/11/2021 16:31:08 RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 299 and starting SCN of 6324617 # 注：在此處，我們需要將數據庫歸檔日志，恢復到備份時刻的最后一個日志號； # 根據上面錯誤提示，我們在recover時，需要指定thread=1 sequence=299； # 再次執行recover： RMAN> run { set until sequence 299 thread 1; recover database; } # 執行recover成功； # 說明：因為后續還需要繼續恢復增量備份集，所以此處切不可對數據庫進行resetlogs操作； # 在此處可以簡單確認恢復的數據是否可讀； # 不可以對數據庫進行resetlogs操作，可以以read only方式打開，做簡單查詢： $ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL> alter database open read only; SQL> select count(*) from xxx.xxxxx; # 確認業務數據可以正常查詢即可 # 基于數據一致性考慮，最后一次增量備份之前，源端環境就不能有新增的數據了； # 所以需要在源端將業務系統停機； # Oracle數據庫，需要確認已經沒有客戶連接session在連接，并關閉監聽； $ lsnrctl stop $ netstat -ntlp | grep 1521 # 在客戶業務環境，執行Oracle數據庫增量備份； # 備份腳本如下： $ more incr_orcl.sh echo -e '******Start********_'$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S') export ORACLE_SID=orcl export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH rman target /< run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 tag 'orcl_incr_L1' format '/rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/incr_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile; sql "alter system archive log current"; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/arclog_1_%s_%p_%t_%d' delete input; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt obsolete; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; release channel c1; } exit; EOF # 執行數據庫備份腳本： $ ./incr_orcl.sh 上傳過程此處不再贅述； # 將數據庫啟動到mount狀態： $ rman target / RMAN> shutdown immediate RMAN> startup mount # 將增量備份集catalog到rman： RMAN> catalog start with '/rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/'; # 通過以下命令，確認備份集的最后一個歸檔日志： RMAN> recover database; Starting recover at 11-MAR-21 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=63 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set destination for restore of datafile 00001: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00002: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00003: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00004: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00005: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/TABLESPACE.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00006: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/TBS_SHMSA01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00007: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/SSDD_TBS01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00008: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/SYNC_XUANCHUAN_TBS01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00009: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/MarShareL201.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00010: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/MSAPUB_DATA01.dbf destination for restore of datafile 00011: /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/MLP_SHCORPUS01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/incr_ORCL_20210311_17 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/incr_ORCL_20210311_17 tag=OADB_INCR_L1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 starting media recovery channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=299 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=300 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/arclog_1_19_1_1066926876_ORCL channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/incr_bak/orcl/arclog_1_19_1_1066926876_ORCL tag=TAG20210311T163436 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_299_j4mpshyt_.arc thread=1 sequence=299 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_299_j4mpshyt_.arc RECID=9 STAMP=1066928175 archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_300_j4mpshz2_.arc thread=1 sequence=300 channel default: deleting archived log(s) archived log file name=/oracle/app/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2021_03_11/o1_mf_1_300_j4mpshz2_.arc RECID=10 STAMP=1066928175 unable to find archived log archived log thread=1 sequence=301 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/11/2021 16:56:17 RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 301 and starting SCN of 6325298 # 再次執行recover恢復增量備份集： RMAN> run { set until sequence 301 thread 1; recover database; } $ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL> shutdown immediate SQL> startup mount; SQL> alter database open resetlogs; # 進行簡單查詢，確認業務數據狀態； 數據庫增量恢復完成！ Oracle 數據庫
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