Python小技巧|如何在win系統下快速查找文件

在工作的時候有時需要去處理一些文件，如果不在一個文件夾里面會去遍歷整個盤符(如F盤)，這個時候手動查找和搜索顯得非常慢，單個還好，如果多個，就不得不寫程序來處理了。

據我所知，Python有兩個函數可以遍歷文件夾(包括子文件夾)，os模塊的walk函數，以及glob模塊的glob函數,其中os.walk函數，查看help文檔有示例代碼:

import os

from os.path import join, getsize

for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'):

print(root, "consumes", end="")

print(sum([getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files]), end="")

print("bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files")

if 'CVS' in dirs:

dirs.remove('CVS') # don't visit CVS directories

可以直接拿來用，而glob.glob函數雖然沒提供示例，但help文檔也很清晰:

glob(pathname, *, recursive=False)

Return a list of paths matching a pathname pattern.

The pattern may contain simple shell-style wildcards a la

fnmatch. However, unlike fnmatch, filenames starting with a

dot are special cases that are not matched by '*' and '?'

patterns.

If recursive is true, the pattern '**' will match any files and

zero or more directories and subdirectories.

不難理解，第二個參數為**，且第三個參數為recursive=True時，即可以遍歷指定的路徑(包含子文件夾):

glob(pathname, **, recursive=True)

但是很遺憾的是，這兩個函數在遍歷文件和子文件夾比較多的文件夾時，會顯非常慢，如果你使用的是 win系統，則可以嘗試另外的方式。

很多朋友應該聽過?Everything 這個查找神器，-:

https://www.voidtools.com/zh-cn/downloads/

它在win系統下搜索文件可以說非常的快速,更多介紹請看這里:

https://www.voidtools.com/zh-cn/faq/

那怎么寫程序來調用呢？它提供了SDK:

http://www.voidtools.com/support/everything/sdk/

函數非常的多，也給了Python的調用示例:

import ctypes

import datetime

import struct

#defines

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FILE_NAME = 0x00000001

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_PATH = 0x00000002

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FULL_PATH_AND_FILE_NAME = 0x00000004

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_EXTENSION = 0x00000008

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_SIZE = 0x00000010

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_CREATED = 0x00000020

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_MODIFIED = 0x00000040

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_ACCESSED = 0x00000080

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_ATTRIBUTES = 0x00000100

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FILE_LIST_FILE_NAME = 0x00000200

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_RUN_COUNT = 0x00000400

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_RUN = 0x00000800

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_RECENTLY_CHANGED = 0x00001000

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_HIGHLIGHTED_FILE_NAME = 0x00002000

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_HIGHLIGHTED_PATH = 0x00004000

EVERYTHING_REQUEST_HIGHLIGHTED_FULL_PATH_AND_FILE_NAME = 0x00008000

#dll imports

everything_dll = ctypes.WinDLL ("C:\EverythingSDK\DLL\Everything32.dll")

everything_dll.Everything_GetResultDateModified.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int,ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulonglong)]

everything_dll.Everything_GetResultSize.argtypes = [ctypes.c_int,ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ulonglong)]

#setup search

everything_dll.Everything_SetSearchW("test.py")

everything_dll.Everything_SetRequestFlags(EVERYTHING_REQUEST_FILE_NAME | EVERYTHING_REQUEST_PATH | EVERYTHING_REQUEST_SIZE | EVERYTHING_REQUEST_DATE_MODIFIED)

#execute the query

everything_dll.Everything_QueryW(1)

#get the number of results

num_results = everything_dll.Everything_GetNumResults()

#show the number of results

print("Result Count: {}".format(num_results))

#convert a windows FILETIME to a python datetime

#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39481221/convert-datetime-back-to-windows-64-bit-filetime

WINDOWS_TICKS = int(1/10**-7) # 10,000,000 (100 nanoseconds or .1 microseconds)

WINDOWS_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.strptime('1601-01-01 00:00:00',

'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

POSIX_EPOCH = datetime.datetime.strptime('1970-01-01 00:00:00',

'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

EPOCH_DIFF = (POSIX_EPOCH - WINDOWS_EPOCH).total_seconds() # 11644473600.0

WINDOWS_TICKS_TO_POSIX_EPOCH = EPOCH_DIFF * WINDOWS_TICKS # 116444736000000000.0

def get_time(filetime):

"""Convert windows filetime winticks to python datetime.datetime."""

winticks = struct.unpack('

microsecs = (winticks - WINDOWS_TICKS_TO_POSIX_EPOCH) / WINDOWS_TICKS

return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(microsecs)

#create buffers

filename = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260)

date_modified_filetime = ctypes.c_ulonglong(1)

file_size = ctypes.c_ulonglong(1)

#show results

for i in range(num_results):

everything_dll.Everything_GetResultFullPathNameW(i,filename,260)

everything_dll.Everything_GetResultDateModified(i,date_modified_filetime)

everything_dll.Everything_GetResultSize(i,file_size)

print("Filename: {}\nDate Modified: {}\nSize: {} bytes\n".format(ctypes.wstring_at(filename),get_time(date_modified_filetime),file_size.value))

顯得比較難以理解，我自己照著其他的示例寫了個簡單易理解的，代碼如下:

from ctypes import windll,byref,create_unicode_buffer

def search_files(file):

Search = windll.LoadLibrary("everything64.dll")

strBuff = create_unicode_buffer(255)

Search.Everything_SetSearchW(file)

Search.Everything_QueryW(True)

Results = Search.Everything_GetNumResults()

for index in range(Results):

Search.Everything_GetResultFullPathNameW(index,byref(strBuff),len(strBuff))

yield strBuff.value

del Search

del strBuff

if __name__=='__main__':

for?file?in?search_files('*.py'):

print (file)

在調用它的SDK時，網站上也很貼心的給了我們一些注意事項:

簡而言之就是在調用的時候，一定要打開?Everything 這個軟件。更多的功能請自己去發現吧^_^

Python

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版權聲明：本文內容由網絡用戶投稿，版權歸原作者所有，本站不擁有其著作權，亦不承擔相應法律責任。如果您發現本站中有涉嫌抄襲或描述失實的內容，請聯系我們jiasou666@gmail.com 處理，核實后本網站將在24小時內刪除侵權內容。