Excel服務(wù)V――介紹“交互”

Excel服務(wù)V――介紹“交互”

譯者：fanjy? 來源：http://blogs.msdn.com/excel 發(fā)表于：2006年7月7日

Excel services part 5: all about “interactivity” Excel services (第5部分)：介紹“交互”

Now that I have discussed publishing spreadsheets to Excel Services, let’s review how users can “interact” with spreadsheets that Excel Services has generated. To start, I want to explain what we mean by “interact” because it is anther development-team term that may not be clear to everyone reading this article. 到目前為止，我已經(jīng)講述了將電子表格發(fā)布到Excel Services上的方法，現(xiàn)在來介紹用戶如何與Excel Services上的電子表格交互。首先，我想解釋一下”交互”的含義，因為這是另一個開發(fā)團隊的項目，讀這篇文章的人可能對此不太清楚。

When we set about building Excel Services, we wanted to provide a richer experience than simply displaying a static spreadsheet in a browser. For example, we wanted users to be able to be able to change sorts and filters to better understand data they were looking at without leaving the context of the browser. We wanted users to be able to adjust PivotTables to see exactly they data they wanted to see in order to make better business decisions, again without leaving the context of the browser. We wanted users to be able to set parameters to perform what-if analysis, again from within their browser. We call all these sorts of things “interactivity”, since they involve the user taking actions that change the spreadsheet the user is working with, but do so without leaving the context of the browser. 當(dāng)我們著手建立Excel Services時，我們希望提供更豐富的用戶體驗而不是簡單地在瀏覽器中顯示靜態(tài)的電子表格。例如，我們希望用戶不必離開瀏覽器頁面就能變換排序和篩選來更好地理解他們正在查看的數(shù)據(jù)；能調(diào)整數(shù)據(jù)透視表以確切地看到他們想要的數(shù)據(jù)以便于做更好的商業(yè)決策；在瀏覽器頁面就能設(shè)置參數(shù)來執(zhí)行假設(shè)分析。上述這些都稱作”交互”，即用戶不須離開瀏覽器頁面就能處理電子表格。

Specifically, our goals in this area are to allow users to: 具體地講，我們的目標是允許用戶能做如下操作：

? view spreadsheets in a browser ? 在瀏覽器中查看電子表格 ? navigate around those spreadsheets ? 在那些電子表格中切換 ? perform further exploration of the data in those spreadsheets ? 在(瀏覽器的)電子表格對數(shù)據(jù)進行進一步的處理 ? change parameters to facilitate what-if analysis in said spreadsheets ? 在上述電子表格中變化參數(shù)便于進行假設(shè)分析

We did not have a goal to enable full-blown authoring of spreadsheets in a browser – to author spreadsheets, users will need Excel 12. Also, we did not have time to enable every feature in Excel 12 in the browser, so we focused on features based on the four goals outlined above. Finally, it is worth noting that if the user has permission, they can always press one button to open the spreadsheet in Excel 12, and they can then do anything they want. 我們并不打算允許在瀏覽器中能夠完全編輯電子表格——為了編輯電子表格，用戶需要使用Excel 12。并且，我們也沒有必要在瀏覽器中能夠應(yīng)用Excel 12的每一個功能，因此，我們將功能主要集中在上述4個目標上。此外，如果用戶有權(quán)限的話，他們能在瀏覽器中通過使用一個按鈕啟動Excel 12打開電子表格，并對它進行任何編輯操作。

Generally, when we talk about interactivity, we generally group the features we enabled into three areas: worksheets, tables, and PivotTables. Let’s take a look at the details of what we did in each area. 通常，當(dāng)我們談到交互時，一般集中談?wù)撛诠ぷ鞅怼⒘斜砗蛿?shù)據(jù)透視表中所能實現(xiàn)的功能。先看一下我們在這些方面所做的具體內(nèi)容。

Interactivity – Worksheets 交互——工作表

As we have already seen, when a user is viewing an Excel-Services-generated spreadsheet in a browser, the visual fidelity between the Excel Services spreadsheet and Excel 12 is very good. Excel Services supports the same layout and formatting capabilities as Excel 12, so to users, a spreadsheet viewed in Excel 12 will look exactly the same as a spreadsheet in a browser (within the constraints of HTML). This includes basic formatting (e.g. row height and column width, font, colour, grid lines on or off, text rotation, etc.) as well as the new features I have already talked about like Data Bars, Colour Scales, Table Styles, and some others I have yet to discuss like charts. 正如我們所看到的，用戶在瀏覽器中查看的由Excel Services創(chuàng)建的電子表格與Excel 12非常相似。Excel Services支持與Excel 12相同的頁面布局和格式功能，因此，對用戶來說，在Excel 12中的電子表格與在瀏覽器(僅適用HTML語言)中的電子表格外觀相同。包括基本的格式(例如，行高和列寬、字體、顏色、開啟和關(guān)閉網(wǎng)格線、文字方向等等)，就像我已經(jīng)介紹過的新功能如Data Bars, Colour Scales, Table Styles以及將要介紹的圖表等一樣。

There is one notable difference between Excel 12 and Excel Services, though – when a user is looking at a spreadsheet in their browser that was generated by Excel Services, only one “section” of the spreadsheet will be served up by Excel Services at a time (this is a performance optimization – less HTML needs to be served up to the client … the number of rows and columns can be configured with defaults of 75 rows by 20 columns). To allow the user to move between sections, we have added paging controls to spreadsheets viewed in the browser. 在Excel 12和Excel Services中有一個明顯的不同——當(dāng)用戶在瀏覽器中查看通過Excel Services創(chuàng)建的電子表格時，Excel Services一次僅顯示部分電子表格(這是一種功能優(yōu)化——傳送更少的HTML到客戶端……默認為75行和20列)。在瀏覽器中添加了頁面控制按鈕允許用戶在各部分間切換。

In addition to navigating “sections” within a single worksheet, users will be able to do the following when working with a worksheet in a browser. 在瀏覽器中處理工作表時，除了能在單個工作表中瀏覽外，還能做如下操作：

? Page between sheets (using tabs just like in Excel) ? 在工作表之間切換(跟Excel一樣使用Tab鍵) ? Expand and collapse outlining (using buttons on the side and top of the sheet, again like Excel) ? 擴展和折迭層級(跟Excel一樣使用工作表側(cè)面和頂部的按鈕) ? Set parameters (see previous post) ? 設(shè)置參數(shù)(見前面的文章) ? Refresh external data and calculate the spreadsheet (to see the most recent data or calculations) ? 更新外部數(shù)據(jù)并且重新計算工作表(以便于查看最新的數(shù)據(jù)或計算結(jié)果) ? Find values within the worksheet (note this is a separate feature from browser Find – this feature will search for values in the entire worksheet, even the parts that are outside the current “section”). ? 查找工作表中的數(shù)值(注：這是一個單獨的功能，運用瀏覽器查找將在整個工作表中查找所需要的值，甚至可在當(dāng)前部分以外的部分進行查找)

You may have noticed the “toolbar” in the previous screenshots – this is where the controls to calculate, refresh external data, and find (as well as other things) are located. 下面的工具條屏幕截圖顯示了計算、更新外部數(shù)據(jù)、查找(也包含其它功能)等功能按鈕所在的位置。 ? Also, since I mentioned charts, here’s a shot of a chart in a page generated by Excel Services in a recent build. 下面是最近用Excel Services創(chuàng)建的一個圖表。 ? Interactivity – Tables and AutoFilters 交互——列表與自動篩選

If a spreadsheet contains a table or autofilters, users will be able to set and update sorts and filters. This includes all of the improvements that I discussed in previous posts here and here with the exception of sorting and filtering by colour. Specifically, users will be able to: 如果電子表格中包含列表或自動篩選，用戶將能對排序和篩選進行設(shè)置和更新，包括我在以前的文章(見這里和這里)中所介紹的除了通過顏色排序和篩選外所有的改進。具體地講，用戶能進行如下操作：

? Sort ascending or descending ? 升序或降序 ? Multi-select filter ? 多條件篩選 ? Top 10 filter ? Top 10的篩選 ? Set quick filters (”Above Average,” “Below Average,” “Contains,” “Last Month,” etc.) ? 設(shè)置快速篩選(”高于均值,” “低于均值,” “包含,” “上個月” 等等.) ? Set custom filters (“Less Than”, “Contains”, etc.) ? 設(shè)置自定義篩選(“少于”, “包含”, 等等.) ? Interactivity – PivotTables 交互——數(shù)據(jù)透視表

Similarly, if a spreadsheet contains a PivotTable, users will be able to interact with the PivotTable from within their browser. (Note, I haven’t covered work we have done in the area of PivotTables yet – and we have done a lot – suffice to say that all of the features we have added to PivotTables in Excel 12 have been implemented on the server.) This includes: 同樣地，如果電子表格包含有數(shù)據(jù)透視表，用戶能夠在瀏覽器中與數(shù)據(jù)透視表交互。(注：我還沒有介紹在數(shù)據(jù)透視表方面所做的工作——我們?nèi)匀辉谧觥F(xiàn)在只介紹Excel 12提供給服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)透視表的功能)。包括：

? Expand/collapse levels ? 擴展/折迭層級 ? Sort ascending or descending ? 升序或降序 ? Multi-select filter ? 多條件篩選 ? Top 10 filter ? Top 10的篩選 ? Set quick filters (”Above Average,” “Below Average,” “Contains,” “Last Month,” etc.) ? 設(shè)置快速篩選(”高于均值,” “低于均值,” “包含,” “上個月” 等等.) ? Set custom filters (“Less Than”, “Contains”, etc.) ? 設(shè)置自定義篩選(“少于”, “包含”, 等等.) ? New for Excel 12, for example, is the fact that you can perform all of these operations on any level of a hierarchy that has been added to the PivotTable, and on member properties for those of you using SQL Server Analysis Services. Much more on that in a series of posts coming soon. 在Excel 12中有一些新的特點，例如，你能使用SQL Server Analysis Services的成員屬性在數(shù)據(jù)透視表任一層級執(zhí)行所有這些功能。

Controlling all this 控制交互

I can hear the developers reading this asking “what if I don’t want users to be able to sort, filter, etc.?” … for example, if you want to display some data using a PivotTable, but you don’t want people to be able to change the view. We have made it possible to turn off interactivity. You can, for instance, allow users to only sort and not filter, to interact with Tables but not with PivotTables, and more. 在讀了這篇文章后，許多開發(fā)者問”假如我不想用戶能夠排序、篩選等？”……例如，如果你想運用數(shù)據(jù)透視表顯示一些數(shù)據(jù)，但你不想別人能夠改變視圖，則可以關(guān)閉交互功能，允許用戶僅能排序但不能篩選，可與列表但不能與數(shù)據(jù)透視表進行交互，等等。 ? Controlling Interactivity 控制交互

That’s the summary of interactivity. Please let me know if you have questions. Next time, building applications with Excel web services. 以上概述了交互方面的內(nèi)容，如果你有疑問可以提出來。下次，介紹用Excel web services創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序。

Published Wednesday, November 16, 2005 10:30 AM by David Gainer

非常感謝Kevin版主的幫助和指導(dǎo)！

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