XI 關鍵性能指標，動作和名稱集（一）

XI 關鍵性能指標，動作和名稱集（一）

譯者：hxhgxy? 來源：http://blogs.msdn.com/excel 發表于：2006年7月7日

PivotTables 11: Key Performance Indicators, Actions, and Named Sets 數據透視表 11：關鍵性能指標，動作和名稱集

Today, I will cover three additional features of Analysis Services that Excel 12 PivotTables support – Key Performance Indicators, Actions, and Named Sets. 今天，我將談及Excel 12 數據透視表支持的Analysis Services的另外三個特點——關鍵性能指標，動作和名稱集。

Key Performance Indicators SQL Server Analysis Services 2005 introduced the notion of key performance indicators (KPIs). A KPI is a set of calculations defined in an Analysis Services model that represent key business metrics which can be displayed in reports, portals, dashboards, etc. There is a lot of literature out there on KPIs, so I will not spend a lot of time on the value of KPIs as a concept, but I do want to briefly cover how a KPI is defined in Analysis Services. A KPI has four main components: 關鍵性能指標 SQL Server Analysis Services 2005引進了關鍵性能指標（KPIs）的概念。KPI是Analysis Services模型里定義的一套計算，代表可以在報告，入口，儀表板等上面顯示的關鍵業務方法。關于KPIs，有很多著述，因此我不會花很多時間討論KPIs這個概念，但是我確實想簡單地講講KPI是如何在Analysis Services里定義的。KPI有四個主要成員：

? Value. The current value of the business metric – this could be a physical measure like Sales, a calculated measure like Profit, or a custom calculation defined specifically in the KPI. ? 數值。業務方法的當前值——這可以是一個具體的衡量如銷售，計算的衡量如利潤，或者一個在KPI里特別的自定義計算。

? Goal. The target for the business metric – this is usually an MDX expression that resolves to a value. ? 目標。業務方法的目標——這通常是分解為一個數值的MDX表達式。

? Status. A number defining the current status of the Value, normalized in the range -1 (very bad) to +1 (very good) – this is also an MDX expression. ? 現狀。一個定義數值當前狀態的數字，標準化為范圍-1（非常差）到1（非常好）——這也是個MDX表達式。

? Trend. An indication defining how the business metric is developing over time – getting better or worse relative to its goal. Trend is also normalized between -1 and 1, and also an MDX expression. ? 趨勢。定義業務方法如何發展的預測——對目標變好或者變壞。趨勢也標準化為-1到1，并且也是一個MDX表達式。

In Excel 12, KPIs are listed in the field list in a special KPIs folder. Here is an example of a KPI for Profit Margin. 在Excel 12里，KPIs列在字段清單的一個特殊KPI文件夾里。這里有個Profit Margin的KPI示例。

Each KPI component can be added to the PivotTable Values area by checking the checkbox just like any other field. Let’s take a look at an example, specifically, and example of adding Value, Goal, Status, and Trend to a report on our Products and Product Categories. Here is what the report looks like when I add those four components. 每個KPI成員可以通過勾選復選框添加到數據透視表數值區域，正如其它字段一樣。我們來看一個例子，一個專門添加數值，目標，現狀和趨勢到我們產品和產品品類報告中的例子。當我添加這四個成員時，報告就是下面這個樣子。

As you can see, Value and Goal are presented as numbers. Status and Trend, on the other hand, are nice graphical representations – they can be used to get a very quick visual overview of your business as it is easy to pick out outliers etc. As I mentioned, Status and Trend are normalized values between -1.0 and 1.0. Since these sorts of numerical values are not very interesting to show in a report, we have worked with the SQL Server Analysis Services 2005 team to develop a set of images to represent the Status and Trend for any KPI. The images to be used are defined in the Analysis Services model, so everyone that looks at the Status or Trend in Excel sees the same graphic. Those of you that remember the conditional formatting post I wrote on Icon Sets have probably already figured out we are using that capability in Excel 12 as part of this KPI feature. 正如你所見，數值和目標用數字表示，另外，現狀和趨勢是一種美觀的圖形表示——它們可以給你的業務以非常快捷的視覺效果，非常容易抓住突出者等。正如我提過，現狀和趨勢通常值在-1到1之間。因為這些數字值顯示在報告里不會有什么好奇的，我們和SQL Server Analysis Services 2005開發組合作，開發了一套圖形來代表任何KPI的現狀和趨勢。這些即將使用的圖形是在Analysis Services模型里定義的，因此任何從Excel里看到的現狀和趨勢是同樣的圖形。你們中有記得我發表的關于圖標集的條件格式文章，可能已經領會到我們也使用那種技術在Excel 12里作為一部分KPI特點。

Even better, since this is a PivotTable, as I expand/collapse items in the PivotTable or perform other operations, the KPI components will automatically be calculated in the new context. For example, if I expand “Touring Bikes”, the PivotTable will show the values of the KPI components and update the Status and Trend graphics accordingly. 更妙之處在于，因為這是數據透視表，當我展開、折疊數據透視表里的項目或者執行其它操作是，KPI成員講會在新下上下文中自動重新計算。例如，如果我展開“Touring Bikes”，數據透視表會顯示KPI成員的數值并且相應地更新現狀和趨勢圖形。

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