關于 Linux中系統調優的一些筆記(一)

寫在前面

推送的的郵件里看到有大佬講的公共課，聽了之后這里整理學習筆記。

因為是公開課，所以講的很淺，沒接觸過，這里做為了解，長長見識。

我突然又明白，死亡是聰明的兄長，我們可以放心地把自己托付給他，他會知道在我們有所準備的適當時刻前來。我也突然懂得，原來痛苦、失望和悲愁不是為了惹惱我們，使我們氣餒或者無地自容；它們的存在，是為了使我們心智成熟，臻于完善。—赫爾曼·黑塞《彼得·卡門青》

零、系統調優原理概述：

通過調整系統設置來提高計算機資源的利用率、數據吞吐量或用戶體驗的過程，消除或減輕系統中的排隊現象。

分析系統性能的方法：

執行系統變更的步驟：

一、如何檢測系統的性能瓶頸

1、檢測系統當前運行負載：vmstat、mpstat、iostat、top 等

裝包，一般不需要

yum install -y sysstat

sysstat包含監測系統性能及效率的一組工具，這些工具對于我們收集系統性能數據，比如 CPU 使用率、硬盤和網絡吞吐數據，這些數據的收集和分析，有利于我們判斷系統是否正常運行，是提高系統運行效率、安全運行服務器的得力助手。

vmstat 內存子系統監控

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 3228884 2076 594152 0 0 10 6 102 152 0 0 100 0 0 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ vmstat 1 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu----- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 1 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 10 6 102 152 0 0 100 0 0 # 平均值 0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 197 289 0 1 99 0 0 0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 192 290 0 0 100 0 0 1 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 180 285 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 174 276 1 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 173 267 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 176 268 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 173 274 0 0 100 0 0 ^C ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$

mpstat CUP子系統監控

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ mpstat 1 linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/23/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 01:41:22 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle 01:41:23 AM all 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.48 01:41:24 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.49 01:41:25 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.48 01:41:26 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 01:41:27 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.48 01:41:28 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 01:41:29 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 ^C Average: all 0.07 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.71 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ mpstat 1 3 linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/23/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 01:42:06 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle 01:42:07 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 01:42:08 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 01:42:09 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Average: all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$

iostat IO子系統監控

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ iostat 1 3 Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/23/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.21 0.00 0.24 0.05 0.00 99.50 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 0.56 19.86 12.15 387999 237243 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 99.48 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 1.00 8.00 0.00 8 0 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$

top 綜合情況監控

top - 01:46:43 up 5:29, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 Tasks: 151 total, 1 running, 150 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie %Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st %Cpu1 : 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st KiB Mem : 4030172 total, 3227596 free, 205988 used, 596588 buff/cache KiB Swap: 10485756 total, 10485756 free, 0 used. 3531292 avail Mem PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 844 etcd 20 0 10.308g 22996 11100 S 2.7 0.6 11:10.71 etcd 572 root 20 0 220312 5208 3508 S 0.3 0.1 0:06.03 rsyslogd 592 root 20 0 298868 6260 4916 S 0.3 0.2 1:32.71 vmtoolsd 1 root 20 0 125408 3836 2440 S 0.0 0.1 0:09.03 systemd 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.61 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H 7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.27 migration/0 8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh 9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.72 rcu_sched 10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.25 watchdog/0 11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.15 watchdog/1 12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.17 migration/1 13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.54 ksoftirqd/1 15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H 17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kdevtmpfs 18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns 19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 khungtaskd 20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback 21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd 22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset 23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd

load average: 0.01 不能超過 0.7

需要除以 cpu核數 ；數字1

2、檢測系統歷史運行負載：sar

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ pwd /usr/lib/systemd/system ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ cat sysstat.service # /usr/lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service # (C) 2012 Peter Schiffer (pschiffe redhat.com) # # sysstat-10.1.5 systemd unit file: # Insert a dummy record in current daily data file. # This indicates that the counters have restarted from 0. [Unit] Description=Resets System Activity Logs [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=yes User=root ExecStart=/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 --boot [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ systemctl status sysstat.service ● sysstat.service - Resets System Activity Logs Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (exited) since Wed 2021-10-13 01:53:41 CST; 1 weeks 3 days ago Main PID: 584 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: /system.slice/sysstat.service Oct 13 01:53:41 liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Starting Resets System Activity Logs... Oct 13 01:53:41 liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started Resets System Activity Logs.

紅帽8沒有，需要自己開啟，紅帽7有

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/] └─$ cd /var/log/sa ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa] └─$ ls sa01 sa03 sa04 sa05 sa06 sa08 sa09 sa13 sa14 sa23 sa24 sa30 sar03

CPU 監控信息

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa] └─$ sar -f sa24 -p # CPU 監控信息 Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART 08:20:03 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 09:40:01 AM all 1.44 0.00 1.72 0.21 0.00 96.64 09:50:01 AM all 0.80 0.00 1.51 0.01 0.00 97.69 10:00:01 AM all 0.81 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.00 97.63 10:10:01 AM all 0.74 0.00 1.40 0.02 0.00 97.83 10:20:01 AM all 0.65 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 98.08 10:30:01 AM all 0.78 0.02 1.50 0.04 0.00 97.67 10:40:01 AM all 3.24 0.00 5.65 0.01 0.00 91.11 Average: all 1.18 0.00 2.10 0.03 0.00 96.69

負載信息

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa] └─$ sar -f sa24 -q # 負載信息 Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART 08:20:03 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked 09:40:01 AM 0 215 0.06 0.40 0.42 0 09:50:01 AM 0 215 0.41 0.21 0.28 0 10:00:01 AM 1 215 0.27 0.13 0.20 0 10:10:01 AM 1 216 0.03 0.08 0.14 0 10:20:01 AM 0 216 0.00 0.04 0.10 0 10:30:01 AM 1 217 0.00 0.03 0.06 0 10:40:01 AM 0 215 0.07 0.16 0.14 0 Average: 0 216 0.12 0.15 0.19 0

內存信息

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa] └─$ sar -f sa24 -r # 內存信息 Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART 08:20:03 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit kbactive kbinact kbdirty 09:40:01 AM 3472808 557364 13.83 2076 266132 832840 5.74 157400 244716 8 09:50:01 AM 3470960 559212 13.88 2076 266516 832840 5.74 158004 244652 4 10:00:01 AM 3466736 563436 13.98 2076 270432 832972 5.74 158272 248436 0 10:10:01 AM 3465552 564620 14.01 2076 270856 833480 5.74 159624 247772 0 10:20:01 AM 3465732 564440 14.01 2076 271172 833584 5.74 159720 248028 0 10:30:01 AM 3457092 573080 14.22 2076 272904 833772 5.74 161872 247732 0 10:40:01 AM 3458440 571732 14.19 2076 271864 833032 5.74 160824 247256 0 Average: 3465331 564841 14.02 2076 269982 833217 5.74 159388 246942 2

網卡信息

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa] └─$ sar -f sa24 -n DEV # 網卡信息 Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) 08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART 08:20:03 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s 09:40:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:40:01 AM ens32 0.34 0.37 0.04 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:40:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:40:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:50:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:50:01 AM ens32 1.19 0.78 0.10 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:50:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 09:50:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00:01 AM ens32 0.20 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:00:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:10:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:10:01 AM ens32 0.49 0.50 0.04 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:10:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:10:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:20:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:20:01 AM ens32 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:20:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:20:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30:01 AM ens32 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:30:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:40:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:40:01 AM ens32 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:40:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 10:40:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s Average: br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: ens32 0.36 0.28 0.03 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average: docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa] └─$

3、通過 Performance Co-Pilot(PCP) 收集性能數據

安裝相關包

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ yum -y install pcp ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ yum install pcp-gui -y

啟動相關服務

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ systemctl enable --now pmcd # 啟動監控服務 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/pmcd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/pmcd.service. ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system] └─$ systemctl enable --now pmlogger # 啟動存數據的數據庫 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/pmlogger.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/pmlogger.service. ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]

通過pmchart，pminfo，pmval讀取系統當前及歷史運行數據

查看所有的監控內容

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pminfo jbd2.njournals jbd2.transaction.count jbd2.transaction.requested ...... ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pminfo | wc -l 2052

查看所有的監控參數詳細信息

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pminfo -dt proc.nprocs #參數詳細信息 proc.nprocs [instantaneous number of processes] Data Type: 32-bit unsigned int InDom: PM_INDOM_NULL 0xffffffff Semantics: instant Units: none ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pminfo proc.nprocs #進程監控 proc.nprocs

監控進程信息 pmval proc.nprocs

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pmval proc.nprocs #進程監控 metric: proc.nprocs host: liruilongs.github.io semantics: instantaneous value units: none samples: all 158 158 158 158 158 158 ^C

監控剩余內存的量 pmval -t 2 mem.freemem

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pmval -t 2 mem.freemem # 剩余內存信息 metric: mem.freemem host: liruilongs.github.io semantics: instantaneous value units: Kbyte samples: all 3471612 3471636 3471636 3471636 3471636 ^C ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$

查看監控日志

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ pminfo | grep mem.freemem mem.freemem ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~] └─$ cd /var/log/pcp ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp] └─$ ls NOTICES pmcd pmie pmlogger pmproxy ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp] └─$ cd pmlogger/ ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger] └─$ ls liruilongs.github.io pmlogger_check.log.prev pmlogger_daily-K.log.prev pmlogger_daily.stamp ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger] └─$ cd liruilongs.github.io/ ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io] └─$ ls 20211023.02.05.0.xz 20211023.02.30-00.0.xz 20211023.02.30.0.xz 20211024.08.16.0 Latest 20211023.02.05.index 20211023.02.30-00.index 20211023.02.30.index 20211024.08.16.index pmlogger.log 20211023.02.05.meta.xz 20211023.02.30-00.meta.xz 20211023.02.30.meta.xz 20211024.08.16.meta pmlogger.log.prior ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io] └─$ pmval -a 20211024.08.16.0 mem.freemem # 查看監控日志 每秒 metric: mem.freemem archive: 20211024.08.16.0 host: liruilongs.github.io start: Sun Oct 24 08:17:06 2021 end: Sun Oct 24 10:02:06 2021 semantics: instantaneous value units: Kbyte samples: 6301 interval: 1.00 sec 08:17:06.095 No values available 08:17:07.095 No values available 08:17:08.095 3651184 08:17:09.095 3651184 08:17:10.095 3651184 08:17:11.095 3651184 08:17:12.095 3651184 08:17:13.095 3651184 08:17:14.095 3651184 08:17:15.095 3651184 08:17:16.095 3651184 08:17:17.095 3651184 08:17:18.095 3651184 08:17:19.095 3651184 08:17:20.095 3651184 08:17:21.095 3651184 08:17:22.095 3651184 08:17:23.095 3651184 08:17:24.095 3651184 08:17:25.095 3651184 08:17:26.095 3651184 ......

加時間粒度

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io] └─$ pmval -a 20211024.08.16.0 -t 500 mem.freemem # 加時間粒度 metric: mem.freemem archive: 20211024.08.16.0 host: liruilongs.github.io start: Sun Oct 24 08:17:06 2021 end: Sun Oct 24 10:08:06 2021 semantics: instantaneous value units: Kbyte samples: 14 interval: 500.00 sec 08:17:06.095 No values available 08:25:26.095 3488128 08:33:46.095 3488128 08:42:06.095 3488128 08:50:26.095 3488128 08:58:46.095 3488128 09:07:06.095 3488128 09:15:26.095 3488128 09:23:46.095 3488128 09:32:06.095 3488128 09:40:26.095 3472784 09:48:46.095 3472024 09:57:06.095 3467052 10:05:26.095 3466276 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io] └─$

二、如何進行內核參數調優

/proc & /sys

/proc 存放內存中數據，每次重啟就沒了。

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/] └─$ cd proc/ ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc] └─$ ls 1 16836 241 269 284 3 313 362 45 647 853 crypto keys pagetypeinfo tty 10 16842 242 270 285 300 314 363 469 649 856 devices key-users partitions uptime 1041 16843 250 271 286 301 315 364 47 66 857 diskstats kmsg sched_debug version 1043 16850 251 272 287 302 316 365 5 6671 861 dma kpagecount schedstat vmallocinfo 1045 16862 253 273 288 303 317 366 506 7 864 driver kpageflags scsi vmstat 1050 17 254 274 289 304 318 367 509 7603 8922 execdomains loadavg self zoneinfo 1051 18 255 275 290 305 319 368 570 7604 9 fb locks slabinfo 1054 19 256 276 291 306 32 369 581 7606 98 filesystems mdstat softirqs 1055 2 262 277 292 307 320 370 583 8 acpi fs meminfo stat 1056 20 263 278 293 308 321 371 585 8095 buddyinfo interrupts misc swaps 11 21 264 279 294 309 322 372 594 8158 bus iomem modules sys 12 22 265 280 295 31 33 373 595 8159 cgroups ioports mounts sysrq-trigger 13 23 266 281 296 310 34 42 596 8160 cmdline irq mpt sysvipc 15 24 267 282 298 311 348 44 627 8161 consoles kallsyms mtrr timer_list 16006 240 268 283 299 312 361 441 642 8162 cpuinfo kcore net timer_stats ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc] └─$ pwd /proc ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc] └─$ cd sys ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys] └─$ ls abi crypto debug dev fs kernel net user vm

內存調優目錄

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys] └─$ cd vm # 內存調優目錄 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ ls admin_reserve_kbytes hugepages_treat_as_movable mmap_min_addr overcommit_memory block_dump hugetlb_shm_group mmap_rnd_bits overcommit_ratio compact_memory laptop_mode mmap_rnd_compat_bits page-cluster dirty_background_bytes legacy_va_layout nr_hugepages panic_on_oom dirty_background_ratio lowmem_reserve_ratio nr_hugepages_mempolicy percpu_pagelist_fraction dirty_bytes max_map_count nr_overcommit_hugepages stat_interval dirty_expire_centisecs memory_failure_early_kill nr_pdflush_threads swappiness dirty_ratio memory_failure_recovery numa_zonelist_order user_reserve_kbytes dirty_writeback_centisecs min_free_kbytes oom_dump_tasks vfs_cache_pressure drop_caches min_slab_ratio oom_kill_allocating_task zone_reclaim_mode extfrag_threshold min_unmapped_ratio overcommit_kbytes ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$

查看內核參數：cat & sysctl -a

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ sysctl -a # 查看所有調優參數 abi.vsyscall32 = 1 crypto.fips_enabled = 0 debug.exception-trace = 1 debug.kprobes-optimization = 1 debug.panic_on_rcu_stall = 0 dev.hpet.max-user-freq = 64 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button2_keycode = 97 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button3_keycode = 100 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button_emulation = 0 dev.parport.default.spintime = 500 dev.parport.default.timeslice = 200 dev.raid.speed_limit_max = 200000 dev.raid.speed_limit_min = 1000 dev.scsi.logging_level = 0 fs.aio-max-nr = 65536 fs.aio-nr = 0 ..............

根據變量找對應文件參數

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ sysctl -a | grep net.ipv4.ip_forward net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward_use_pmtu = 0 sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.all.stable_secret" sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.br-4b3da203747c.stable_secret" sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.default.stable_secret" sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.docker0.stable_secret" sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.ens32.stable_secret" sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.lo.stable_secret" ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cd ../net/ipv ipv4/ ipv6/ ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cd ../net/ipv4/ ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/net/ipv4] └─$ cat ip_forward 1

調整內核參數：echo & sysctl

設置調優參數：臨時調整

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cat swappiness 30 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ echo 40 > swappiness ## 臨時調整 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cat swappiness 40

設置調優參數：永久調整

┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cat /etc/sysc sysconfig/ sysctl.conf sysctl.d/ ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf # sysctl settings are defined through files in # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/. # # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/. # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ echo "vm.swappiness = 20" >> /etc/sysctl.conf ## 永久調整 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf # sysctl settings are defined through files in # /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/. # # Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/. # To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in # /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override # only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later # name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. # # For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5). net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 vm.swappiness = 20 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$ sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 vm.swappiness = 20 ┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm] └─$

嗯，字數限制原因，發表不了，所以分開發布了

Linux 任務調度

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