【中英雙語】Kubernetes 1.18 發布

轉載：https://bingohuang.com/kubernetes-1-18-release/

We're pleased to announce the delivery of Kubernetes 1.18, our first release of 2020! Kubernetes 1.18 consists of 38 enhancements: 15 enhancements are moving to stable, 11 enhancements in beta, and 12 enhancements in alpha.

我們很高興地宣布，Kubernetes 1.18發布了，這是我們2020年的第一個版本！ Kubernetes 1.18由38個增強組成: 15個穩定，11個 beta，12個 alpha。

Kubernetes 1.18 is a "fit and finish" release. Significant work has gone into improving beta and stable features to ensure users have a better experience. An equal effort has gone into adding new developments and exciting new features that promise to enhance the user experience even more.

Having almost as many enhancements in alpha, beta, and stable is a great achievement. It shows the tremendous effort made by the community on improving the reliability of Kubernetes as well as continuing to expand its existing functionality.

Kubernetes 1.18是一個“完美”的版本。為了改善用戶體驗，我們在beta和 stable 功能改進方面進行了大量工作：增加新的開發和新功能。對alpha，beta和 stable 版進行幾乎一樣多的增強是一項偉大的成就。這說明，社區在提高Kubernetes的可靠性以及繼續擴展其現有功能方面所做的巨大努力。

Major Themes / 主要內容

Kubernetes Topology Manager Moves to Beta - Align Up! / Kubernetes拓撲管理器（Topology Manager ） 升級到Beta版 ！

A beta feature of Kubernetes in release 1.18, the?Topology Manager feature?enables NUMA alignment of CPU and devices (such as SR-IOV VFs) that will allow your workload to run in an environment optimized for low-latency. Prior to the introduction of the Topology Manager, the CPU and Device Manager would make resource allocation decisions independent of each other. This could result in undesirable allocations on multi-socket systems, causing degraded performance on latency critical applications.

拓撲管理器功能 是1.18版中Kubernetes的beta版本功能，它可以使CPU和設備（如SR-IOV VFs）實現NUMA，這將使你的工作負載在針對低延遲而優化的環境中運行。在引入拓撲管理器之前，CPU和設備管理器會做出彼此獨立的資源分配決策，那么可能會導致在多套接字（ multi-socket ）系統上分配不良，從而導致關鍵型應用程序的性能下降。

Serverside Apply Introduces Beta 2 / Serverside Apply引入Beta 2版本

Server-side Apply was promoted to Beta in 1.16, but is now introducing a second Beta in 1.18. This new version will track and manage changes to fields of all new Kubernetes objects, allowing you to know what changed your resources and when.

Server-side Apply 在1.16中被升級為Beta，在1.18中引入Beta 2版本。這個新版本將跟蹤和管理所有新Kubernetes對象的字段更改，從而使你知道更改了什么資源以及何時更改的。

Extending Ingress with and replacing a deprecated annotation with IngressClass / 使用IngressClass擴展Ingress，并用IngressClass替換不推薦使用的注釋

In Kubernetes 1.18, there are two significant additions to Ingress: A new?pathType?field and a new?IngressClass?resource. The?pathType?field allows specifying how paths should be matched. In addition to the default?ImplementationSpecific?type, there are new?Exact?and?Prefix?path types.

在Kubernetes 1.18中，Ingress有兩個重要的補充：一個新pathType字段和一個新IngressClass資源。該pathType字段允許指定路徑應如何匹配。除了默認ImplementationSpecific類型外，還有new Exact和Prefixpath類型。

The?IngressClass?resource is used to describe a type of Ingress within a Kubernetes cluster. Ingresses can specify the class they are associated with by using a new?ingressClassName?field on Ingresses. This new resource and field replace the deprecated?kubernetes.io/ingress.class?annotation.

該IngressClass資源用于描述Kubernetes集群中的Ingress類型。入口可以通過ingressClassName在入口上使用新字段來指定與它們關聯的類。這個新資源和字段替換了不建議使用的kubernetes.io/ingress.class注釋。

SIG-CLI introduces kubectl alpha debug / SIG-CLI引入kubectl debug命令

SIG-CLI was debating the need for a debug utility for quite some time already. With the development of?ephemeral containers, it became more obvious how we can support developers with tooling built on top of?kubectl exec. The addition of the?kubectl alpha debug?command?(it is alpha but your feedback is more than welcome), allows developers to easily debug their Pods inside the cluster. We think this addition is invaluable. This command allows one to create a temporary container which runs next to the Pod one is trying to examine, but also attaches to the console for interactive troubleshooting.

SIG-CLI一直在爭論是否需要調試實用程序。隨著臨時容器(ephemeral containers)的發展，開發人員越來越需要更多類似kubectl exec的命令。該kubectl debug命令的添加（它是Alpha版本，但歡迎你提供反饋），使開發人員可以輕松地在集群中調試其Pod。我們認為這種增加是無價的。此命令允許創建一個臨時容器，該容器在要檢查的Pod旁邊運行，并且還附加到控制臺以進行交互式故障排除。

Introducing Windows CSI support alpha for Kubernetes / Alpha版本引入Windows CSI

With the release of Kubernetes 1.18, an alpha version of CSI Proxy for Windows is getting released. CSI proxy enables non-privileged (pre-approved) containers to perform privileged storage operations on Windows. CSI drivers can now be supported in Windows by leveraging CSI proxy.

隨著Kubernetes 1.18的發布，用于Windows的CSI代理的Alpha版本也已發布。CSI代理使非特權（預先批準）的容器能夠在Windows上執行特權存儲操作。現在，可以利用CSI代理在Windows中支持CSI驅動程序。

Other Updates / 其他更新

Graduated to Stable / 穩定特性

Taint Based Eviction?- 污點驅逐

kubectl diff

CSI Block storage support?- CSI塊存儲支持

API Server dry run

Pass Pod information in CSI calls?- 在CSI中傳遞Pod信息

Support Out-of-Tree vSphere Cloud Provider?- 支持樹形vSphere Cloud Provider

Support GMSA for Windows workloads?- 為Windows工作負載支持GMSA

Skip attach for non-attachable CSI volumes?- 跳過非附加CSI卷

PVC cloning

Moving kubectl package code to staging?- 將kubectl軟件包代碼移至暫存

RunAsUserName for Windows

AppProtocol for Services and Endpoints?- 適用于服務和端點的AppProtocol

Extending Hugepage Feature?- 擴展大頁面功能

client-go signature refactor to standardize options and context handling?- 客戶端簽名重構，以標準化選項和上下文處理

Node-local DNS cache?- 節點本地DNS緩存

Major Changes / 主要變化

EndpointSlice API

Moving kubectl package code to staging?- 將kubectl軟件包代碼移至暫存

CertificateSigningRequest API

Extending Hugepage Feature?- 擴展大頁面功能

client-go signature refactor to standardize options and context handling?- 客戶端簽名重構，以標準化選項和上下文處理

Release Notes / 發行說明

Check out the full details of the Kubernetes 1.18 release in our?release notes.

在我們的發行說明中查看Kubernetes 1.18發行版的完整詳細信息。

Availability / 可用性

Kubernetes 1.18 is available for download on?GitHub. To get started with Kubernetes, check out these?interactive tutorials?or run local Kubernetes clusters using Docker container “nodes” with?kind. You can also easily install 1.18 using?kubeadm.

Kubernetes 1.18可以在GitHub上下載。如果要開始使用Kubernetes，可以看看這些互動式教學或使用 kind.運行本地Kubernetes集群。你還可以使用kubeadm輕松安裝1.18 。

Release Team / 發布團隊

This release is made possible through the efforts of hundreds of individuals who contributed both technical and non-technical content. Special thanks to the?release team?led by Jorge Alarcon Ochoa, Site Reliability Engineer at Searchable AI. The 34 release team members coordinated many aspects of the release, from documentation to testing, validation, and feature completeness.

通過數百名貢獻了技術和非技術內容的個人的努力，使此發行成為可能。特別感謝Searchable AI網站可靠性工程師Jorge Alarcon Ochoa領導的發布團隊。34位發布團隊成員協調了發布的許多方面，從文檔到測試，驗證和功能完整性

As the Kubernetes community has grown, our release process represents an amazing demonstration of collaboration in open source software development. Kubernetes continues to gain new users at a rapid pace. This growth creates a positive feedback cycle where more contributors commit code creating a more vibrant ecosystem. Kubernetes has had over?40,000 individual contributors?to date and an active community of more than 3,000 people.

隨著Kubernetes社區的發展，我們的發布過程很好地展示了開源軟件開發中的協作。Kubernetes繼續快速地獲得新用戶。這種增長創造了一個積極的反饋周期，其中有更多的貢獻者提交了代碼，從而創建了更加活躍的生態系統。到目前為止，Kubernetes已有超過40,000個人貢獻者，活躍社區有3,000多人。

Release Logo / 發布徽標

The LHC is the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator. It is the result of the collaboration of thousands of scientists from around the world, all for the advancement of science. In a similar manner, Kubernetes has been a project that has united thousands of contributors from hundreds of organizations – all to work towards the same goal of improving cloud computing in all aspects! "A Bit Quarky" as the release name is meant to remind us that unconventional ideas can bring about great change and keeping an open mind to diversity will lead help us innovate.

LHC是世界上最大，功能最強大的粒子加速器。這是來自世界各地成千上萬科學家合作的結果，所有這些都是為了促進科學的發展。以類似的方式，Kubernetes已經成為一個項目，它聚集了來自數百個組織的數千名貢獻者–所有人都朝著在各個方面改善云計算的相同目標努力！發行名稱“ A Quarky”的意思是提醒我們，非常規的想法可以帶來巨大的變化，對開放性保持開放態度將有助于我們進行創新。

Maru Lango is a designer currently based in Mexico City. While her area of expertise is Product Design, she also enjoys branding, illustration and visual experiments using CSS + JS and contributing to diversity efforts within the tech and design communities. You may find her in most social media as @marulango or check her website:?https://marulango.com

Maru Lango是目前居住在墨西哥城的設計師。盡管她的專長是產品設計，但她還喜歡使用CSS + JS進行品牌，插圖和視覺實驗，并為技術和設計社區的多樣性做出了貢獻。你可能會在大多數社交媒體上以@marulango的身份找到她，或查看她的網站：?https://www.marulango.com/

User Highlights / 用戶亮點

Ericsson is using Kubernetes and other cloud native technology to deliver a?highly demanding 5G network?that resulted in up to 90 percent CI/CD savings. - 愛立信正在使用Kubernetes和其他云原生技術來交付高要求的5G網絡，從而節省多達90％的CI / CD。

Zendesk is using Kubernetes to?run around 70% of its existing applications. It’s also building all new applications to also run on Kubernetes, which has brought time savings, greater flexibility, and increased velocity to its application development. - Zendesk正在使用Kubernetes 運行約70％的現有應用程序。它還構建了所有也可以在Kubernetes上運行的新應用程序，這節省了時間，提高了靈活性并提高了其應用程序開發的速度。

LifeMiles has?reduced infrastructure spending by 50%?because of its move to Kubernetes. It has also allowed them to double its available resource capacity. - 由于改用Kubernetes，LifeMiles已將基礎設施支出減少了50％。它還使他們可以將其可用資源容量增加一倍。

Ecosystem Updates / 生態更新

The CNCF published the results of its?annual survey?showing that Kubernetes usage in production is skyrocketing. The survey found that 78% of respondents are using Kubernetes in production compared to 58% last year. - CNCF公布了其年度調查的結果，該結果表明Kubernetes在生產中的使用量正在猛增。調查發現，有78％的受訪者在生產中使用Kubernetes，而去年這一比例為58％。

The “Introduction to Kubernetes” course hosted by the CNCF?surpassed 100,000 registrations. - CNCF舉辦的“ Kubernetes簡介”課程已超過100,000個注冊。

Project Velocity / 項目速度

The CNCF has continued refining DevStats, an ambitious project to visualize the myriad contributions that go into the project.?K8s DevStats?illustrates the breakdown of contributions from major company contributors, as well as an impressive set of preconfigured reports on everything from individual contributors to pull request lifecycle times.

CNCF繼續完善DevStats，這是一個雄心勃勃的項目，旨在可視化項目中的大量貢獻。K8s DevStats展示了主要公司貢獻者的貢獻細目，以及一系列令人印象深刻的預配置報告，包括從各個貢獻者到請求生命周期時間的所有內容。

This past quarter, 641 different companies and over 6,409 individuals contributed to Kubernetes.?Check out DevStats?to learn more about the overall velocity of the Kubernetes project and community.

在過去的一個季度中，有641家不同的公司和6,409多名個人為Kubernetes做出了貢獻。查看DevStats，以了解有關Kubernetes項目和社區整體速度的更多信息。

Event Update / 活動更新

Kubecon + CloudNativeCon EU 2020 is being pushed back – for the more most up-to-date information, please check the?Novel Coronavirus Update page.

Kubecon + CloudNativeCon EU 2020推遲發布-有關最新信息，請查看Novel Coronavirus更新頁面。

Upcoming Release Webinar / 即將舉行的在線講座

Join members of the Kubernetes 1.18 release team on April 23rd, 2020 to learn about the major features in this release including kubectl debug, Topography Manager, Ingress to V1 graduation, and client-go. Register here:?https://www.cncf.io/webinars/kubernetes-1-18/.

將于2020年4月23日舉行在線講座，以了解Kubernetes 1.18版本的主要功能，包括 kubectl debug ，Topology Manager，Ingress to V1 graduation 和 client-go 。在此處注冊：?https://www.cncf.io/webinars/kubernetes-1-18/?。

Get Involved / 歡迎你參與其中

The simplest way to get involved with Kubernetes is by joining one of the many?Special Interest Groups?(SIGs) that align with your interests. Have something you’d like to broadcast to the Kubernetes community? Share your voice at our weekly?community meeting, and through the channels below. Thank you for your continued feedback and support.

參與Kubernetes的最簡單方法是加入符合你的興趣的眾多特殊興趣小組（SIG）之一。你有什么想向Kubernetes社區廣播的內容嗎？在我們的每周社區會議上以及通過以下渠道分享你的聲音。感謝你一直以來的反饋和支持。

Reference material / 參考資料

https://kubernetes.io/blog/2020/03/25/kubernetes-1-18-release-announcement/

https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/7055.html

Kubernetes

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